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| Kerala Kalamandalam(History) |
Of
all the states in the Indian sub-continent Kerala
is perhaps the only one endowed with a spectacular
heritage of performing, ritual, folk and classical
arts. The time - honored values lie dormant
in the living traditions of these performing arts. The
feudal chieftains and provincial landlords who
patronized these visual and devotional arts for
centuries were not only encouraging them as entertainment
but were also upholding their moral and ethical
messages. Towards the fag end of the nineteenth
century the traditional arts of Kerala happened
to be on the verge of extinction.The social, political
and cultural factors which contributed to the
downfall of the art forms are many and varied.
This was but an ephemeral phenomenon.The dawn
of the twentieth century witnessed a cultural
renaissance all over India. In Kerala among
those who spearheaded the cultural renaissance
poet Vallathol Narayana Menon is an immortal name.
Besides being an outstanding poet and scholar,
Vallathol was a passionate lover of Kathakali
and other similar classical dance-theatre traditions
of Kerala. Against all odds he took
up the task of saving Kathakali and other stylized
art-forms from the eclipse. |
Kakkad Karanavappad, an eminent
scholar and Manakkulam Mukundaraja, a devoted cultural
-activist were an unending source of
inspiration to Vallathol in the establishment
of KERALA KALAMANDALAM
along the banks of the river Bharathapuzha
in Cheruthuruthy, a small village in
the northern edge of Trichur District.
It was in 1930.
The birth of Kalamandalam was
remarkable in many respects.It was the
first step in the cultural history of
Kerala to start training in classical
performing arts which were so far left
to the patronage of provincial kings
and landlords.The artists especially the Kathakali
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artists
were more or less the aesthetic victims of the
society. They were silent sufferers of caste
hierarchy. With the establishment of Kalamandalam
the social and cultural emancipation of traditional
artists became a reality. At the same time
Kathakali and Mohiniyattam,
the two major art-forms heading to extinction
for want of patronage ensured their existence
and progress under the newly evolved institutional
set-up. The poet spared no attempts to see
that Kathakali the classical dance-theatre
and Mohiniyattam, the classical female dance of
Kerala flourished in the fertile land of Kalamandalam. He
invited titans in the field to the |
campus.
They lived in Kalamandalam, performed
off and on in its yard and taught talented
students for years and years.
Late Pattikkamthodi
Ravunni Menon the doyen of the
North School of Kathakali headed the
Faculty of Kathakali at Kalamandalam
for about one and a half decades.
He groomed great artists like Kalamandalam
Krishnan Nair, Ramankutty
Nair and Padmanabhan Nair who later became the principal
teachers of this world renowned institution.
For training in Mohiniyattam
there were the surviving maestros Korattikkara
Krishna Panickar, Madhavi
Amma, Kalyani
Amma and Chinnammu Amma. Their disciples Kalamandalam
Kalyanikutty Amma and
Kalamandalam Sathyabhama
developed the aesthetics of Mohiniyattam
and earned for it world-wide recognition.
Their distinguished disciples
are
now the cream of today's Mohiniyattam
dancers. |
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The
Silver Jubilee Celebrations
of Kalamandalam were an unforgettable
event in its history. Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime
Minister of India inaugurated the jubilee celebrations
in 1955. Nehru commended the contributions
of Poet Vallathol to Indian arts and culture
and donated Rs. One lakh to Kalamandalam
for its developmental activities. The affection
between the statesman and the poet grew.
Vallathol visited China and Russia as India's
cultural ambassador. Govt. of India awarded
Padmabhooshan
to the Poet in recognition of his services to
art and literature. |
In
1965 Kalamandalam added Koodiyattam
to its curriculum. Koodiyattam
is the only extant stylized Sanskrit
theatre having a tradition of two thousand
years. Painkulam Rama Chakyar
who headed the Koodiyattam department
was a maverick. Rama Chakyar boldly
brought Koothu and Koodiyattam outside
the temples in the late fifties.
He thus incurred the wrath of the caste-conscious
conservatives in the field.Chakyar
but did not compromise. He liberated
these esoteric art forms from the dark
cells of taboos and inhibitions.
From 1965 Koodiyattam, Nangiarkoothu,
the 'Nirvahana' of its female characters
and Koothu were made available for study
to aspirants all over the world. Kalamandalam
has produced a handful of gifted artists
in the field. |
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Other
performing arts taught at and performed
by Kalamandalam are Thullal a semi classical
solo dance-drama, Panchavadyam, an orchestra, Mridangam, a musical accompaniment
to dance, classical music recitals and
Karnatic Music . In the Dance
Faculty the optional subject is Mohiniyattam. Bharatanatyam and Kuchupudi are subsidiary
subjects. |
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In
1980 the then Prime Minister of India Smt.
Indira Gandhi inaugurated the
Golden Jubilee of Kalamandalam.
Celebrations included dance-recitals, music-concerts,
Kathakali, Koodiyattam, Symposiums and Lecture
Demonstrations. The Diamond
Jubilee was inaugurated in 1990
by the then Prime Minister Shri.V.P.
Singh. The presence of stalwarts
in the field of dance, music, theatre, poetry
and literature made the jubilee the greatest event
in the history of Kalamandalam. Pandit Ravi
Sankar, Dr. L. Subramaniam, Ustad Allaragha, Pandit
Brij Maharaj, Sonal Mansigh, Dr. Padma Subramaniam,
Malavika Sarukai, Dr. T.N. Krishnan, Dr.N.Rajam,
M.S. Gopalakrishnan, Umayalpuram Sivaraman, Karaikudy
Mani, Mandolin Srinivasan and equally distinguished
artists performed in Kalalmandalam. For
most of them it was the fulfillment of a dream.
This temple of arts kindled their spirits. |
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